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Integrated Circuit

Integrated Circuit info

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate ("chip") of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent electronic components. ICs can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the size of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances; in 2008 it dropped below 100 nanometers, and has now been reduced to tens of nanometers.

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ICs were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. Their mass production capability, reliability and building-block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardized integrated circuits in place of designs using discrete transistors.

ICs have two main advantages over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, packaged ICs use much less material than discrete circuits. Performance is high because the IC's components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) as a result of the small size and close proximity of the components. As of 2012, typical chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 450 mm2, with up to 9 million transistors per mm2.

Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of integrated circuits.

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About the Product 74HC86 - EXCLUSIVE-OR Gate is a 14-pin integrated circuit which conta..
$0.50
About the Product 74LS11 - Triple 3-input AND Gate is a 14-pin integrated circuit which..
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About the Product 7805 - 5V Voltage Regulator is a commonly used voltage regulator inte..
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About the Product 7809 - 9V Voltage Regulator is a commonly used voltage regulator inte..
$0.24
About the Product 7812 - 12V Voltage Regulator is a commonly used voltage regulator int..
$0.18
About the Product 7824 - 24V Voltage Regulator is a commonly used voltage regulator int..
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About the Product 7905 - 5V Voltage Regulator is a commonly used voltage regulator inte..
$0.22
About the Product 82C55 - Programmable Peripheral Interface is a programmable universal..
$3.10
About the Product CD4015 - Dual 4-Bit Static Shift Register is a 16-pin integrated circ..
$0.32
About the Product CD4027 - Dual JK Flip Flop is a 16-pin integrated circuit which conta..
$0.28
About the Product CD4093 - Quad 2-Input NAND Schmitt Trigger is an 14-pin integrated ci..
$0.22
About the Product CD4511 - BCD-to-7 Segment Latch/Decoder/Driver is an 16-pin integrate..
$0.36
About the Product CM8870 - DTMF Receiver is an 18-pin DTMF signal decoder integrated ci..
$0.95
About the Product CNY17 - Optocoupler with Phototransistor Output is an optically coupl..
$0.18
About the Product DS1302 - Real Time Clock is an 8-pin integrated circuit which counts ..
$1.80
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$4.50
About the Product FT232R - USB UART IC is a 28-pin integrated circuit developed by FTDI..
$5.80
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$3.00
About the Product L293D - Push-Pull Four Channel Driver with Diodes is a 16-pin 2-chann..
$3.00
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$3.00