As machines become smarter, the programming becomes more sophisticated.No machine has yet been built that has intelligence anywhere near that of a human being. Some...

Robots have found a role in some surgical procedures. Robotic devices are steadier, and are capable of being manipulated more precisely, than any human hand....

A stepper motor is an electric motor that turns in small increments rather than continuously. Stepper motors are used extensively in robots. Stepper versus conventional...

Static stability is the ability of a robot to maintain its balance while standing still. A robot with two or three legs, or that rolls...

Stadimetry is a method that a robot can use to measure the distance to an object when the object’s height, width, or diameter is known....

Spherical coordinate geometry is a scheme for guiding a robot arm in three dimensions. A spherical coordinate system is something like the polar system, but...

Speech synthesis, also called voice synthesis, is the electronic generation of sounds that mimic the human voice. These sounds can be generated from digital text...

The human voice consists of audio-frequency (AF) energy, with components ranging from about 100 Hz to several kilohertz (kHz). (A frequency of 1 Hz is...

A sound transducer, also called an acoustic transducer, is an electronic component that converts acoustic waves into some other form of energy, or vice versa....

Sonar is a medium-range and short-range method of distance measurement.The term is an acronym that stands for sound detection and ranging.The basic principle is simple:...