Inductive charging is a way of powering a device without a direct wire connection. These chargers work by taking a power transformer and splitting it in half, an AC waveform is generated into one, and couples into the second coil.
Inductive Charging Set - 5V @ 500mA max is a basic charger set, and it does work, providing 5V DC output from the output half when the input half is powered with 9V to 12VDC. You can draw as much as 500mA if the coils are 2 or 3 mm apart. If you only need 100 or 200mA you can be up 7mm apart. For 10mA draw, the coils can be up to half an inch (12.5mm) apart. Any non-ferrous/non-conductive material (eg air, wood, leather, plastic, paper, glass) can be used between the two coils. The material doesn't affect the distance or efficiency. The coils do need to be fairly co-axial, try to get them to be parallel and have the circles line up for best power-transfer. (This is why the electric toothbrush must fit into the plastic holder, it's lining up the two coils for best efficiency.)
Because it's an air-core transformer, it's fairly inefficient. The efficiency is only about 40% of the energy in shows up on the other end, but for low power or charging project.
The squarish board with two chips on it is the transmitter (power with 9V) of Inductive Charging Set - 5V @ 500mA max. The longer board is the output and you can connect that to the part of your project that needs powering.
Adafruit Web Site: https://www.adafruit.com/products/1407